◎他空見 究竟了義大中觀如來藏法 覺囊世上第一次漢譯英譯合本加解說

a藏文經教開頭的禱祝，大部分來自梵文，此段文首禱祝亦同，乃藏化之梵文，回推其梵文為：Oṃ gurubuddhabodhisattvabhyonamonamaḥ”。 此篇之音譯用字，若有牽涉到梵文處，本譯者以梵音為主，藏音為輔。 因梵文的音譯用字在漢地已有習慣的用法，為便利漢地讀者，本譯者採用讀者較熟悉的梵音漢字，不採用少見於漢文佛經之梵音音譯字。 例如，བྷྱོ（bhyo；英：bow；禮敬），此處翻作“毗喝優”，不同於明譯之“必藥（二和）”，因“毗喝優”選字，比“必藥”在漢文佛經梵音音譯字中更為常見，詳見3-3）本漢譯與明譯比較。 又，因為梵文之“ḥ”，和藏音不同，有明顯發氣音，故此處添加明譯所無之“喝”音。



a 常固不變：རྟག་བརྟན་གཡུང་དྲུང（rtag brtan g.yung drung），藏文這四個字是固定用法，傳統上漢譯作“常固雍仲”。རྟག（rtag；英：permanent）即是“恆常”，བརྟན（brtan；英：stable）即是“堅固”；གཡུང་དྲུང（g.yung drung）是“卐”字，即梵文的swastika，Ives Waldo英譯為“changeless、unchanging”，斯特恩斯譯為“eternal”，皆為“不變”的意思。 傳統的藏譯漢文獻中將གཡུང་དྲུང （g.yung drung）譯為“ 雍仲”，是採取音譯，一般人不容易懂； 本譯文的原則是讓最多的讀者能讀懂，包括不熟悉藏譯漢文獻傳統的讀者，所以捨棄“常固雍仲”的音譯而意譯為“常固不變”，同於斯特恩斯此處所採用之意譯：I bow at the feet of the permanent, stable, eternal, precious Dharma lords（粗體為本譯者所加）。



《佛教總釋》是藏傳佛教覺囊派最著名的祖師篤補巴所著，而覺囊派是藏傳佛教五大教派之一。 篤補巴所傳的覺囊派教法是以佛陀第三轉法輪為究竟法的“他空大中觀”，與如來藏法、瑜伽唯識派同為了義究竟法，曾經盛極一時，是藏傳文化的瑰寶。 文獻記載：篤補巴說法時，會場樓梯被湧入群眾壓垮，僧侶們試圖用狗來嚇阻湧入的群眾卻不成功；在篤補巴將渡河離去時，有大批的群眾出於對篤補巴的敬仰愛慕，不捨其離開而跳入河中，意欲追隨，卻因不諳水性而險遭滅頂。 雖然覺囊派教法可以說是世界級的文化遺產，但覺囊派論典被翻譯成漢文和英文的數量比起其他四個教派而言，卻少得不成比例——這對於廣大讀者來說，是很大的遺憾。 這本《佛教總釋》的漢譯及英譯，彌補了這個遺憾。 《佛教總釋》是篤補巴祖師完整闡述他空見之著作，也是篤補巴三大主要著作之第一部，在歷史地位和教法上，皆具關鍵的重要性。 在篤補巴時代，覺囊徒眾人人皆會背誦《佛教總釋》，並曾以萬人高聲同誦的壯觀場面來護送篤補巴的行進行列。 對一般讀者來說，相對於篤補巴另外兩部主要的作品《山法了義海論》和《第四結集論》，《佛教總釋》的字數不多，精簡扼要，容易閱讀，為入門的最佳選擇。 對學者來說，《佛教總釋》過去雖有漢譯，但存在諸多不符合原文之處。 故本次新漢譯，將舊漢譯、新漢譯與原藏文逐字比對，並將差異處詳盡標明，再加以解析和注釋，以利讀者查看。 最重要的是，本書是篤補巴此作品第一次漢藏英三種語言逐字對照的系統性翻譯。 不但如此，本書還對三個藏文烏金體版本（壤塘版、江孜版、北京版）逐字對勘和解說差異，盡最大努力排除所有可能出現於藏文手抄本上的手誤。 在本次《佛教總釋》的新英譯部分，除了譯文本身之外，還分别以英文作注釋（以方便不會漢文的讀者）以及以中文作注釋（以方便通英漢雙語的讀者）。 因此，本書對一般讀者和學者來說，都十分有價值。更多資訊請見www.jonangdharma.org。

A General Explanation of Buddha's Teaching was written by Dolpopa, the master of the Jonang sect, one of the five main sects of Tibetan Buddhism. The Jonang teaching disseminated by Dolpopa is the definitive “Maha-Madhyamaka,” also called “Other-Emptiness,” which is based on Buddha’s third-turning of the Dharma wheel (against the popular idea that the second turning being definitive propagated by other sects). His teaching is consistent with Tathagatagarbha and Yogacara, and reached its peak of popularity in the 14th century. When Dolpopa spoke, the throng of listeners is said to have crushed the staircase of the lecture hall. The Jonang monks tried displaying large dogs in an attempt to scare away the people crowding the staircase, to no avail. It is also said that when Dolpopa was leaving Lhasa and about to cross the river, many desperate admirers jumped in the water to follow him, but couldn’t swim and would have drowned if they hadn’t been dragged out of the water by others.
Although the Jonang teaching in many ways reveals the Ultimate Reality more clearly than other sects, few Jonang doctrinal writings have been translated into English and Chinese, especially compared with the writings of the other four sects. The present translation attempts to make up for this unfortunate lack.
A General Explanation of Buddha's Teaching is Dolpopa’s first work on his ground-breaking view of“Empty of Other,”elucidating the core meaning of Buddhism. It is the only poem-style work among his three major works, and Jonang followers memorized it by heart. History has it that they once sent Dolpopa away with an awe-inspiring scene of tens of thousands of people reciting this work aloud in harmony, unrehearsed.
Compared to Mountain Dharma and The Fourth Collection, Dolpopa’s other two major works, A General Explanation of Buddha's Teaching is most concise and easiest to read. It is the best choice for beginners.
For scholars, this is the first translation into English and Chinese simultaneously, with sentence-to-sentence fidelity among the three languages. Chinese is a major source language in Buddhist texts, but its cross referencing with Tibetan and English is regrettably lacking among traditional western Tibetologists. Therefore, this book is a long-sought-after rare gem. In addition, this book compares three versions of the Tibetan hand-written folios, and painstakingly marks every variation and misspelling, in order to help ascertain the true meaning of the text.
The English part has two sets of footnotes: one in English and one in Chinese. The former is intended for those who read only English, while the latter is meant for those with bilingual interest.
In summary, this book provides valuable information for scholars, and is a must-read for lay readers. For any inquiry, please visit www.jonangdharma.org.

作者簡介：

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篤補巴是藏傳佛教覺囊派最著名的祖師，而覺囊派是藏傳佛教五大教派之一。 篤補巴所傳的覺囊派教法是以佛陀第三轉法輪為究竟法的“他空大中觀”，與如來藏法、瑜伽唯識派同為了義究竟法，曾經盛極一時，是藏傳文化的瑰寶。 文獻記載：篤補巴說法時，會場樓梯被湧入群眾壓垮，僧侶們試圖用狗來嚇阻湧入的群眾卻不成功；在篤補巴將渡河離去時，有大批的群眾出於對篤補巴的敬仰愛慕，不捨其離開而跳入河中，意欲追隨，卻因不諳水性而險遭滅頂，可見篤補巴當時受愛戴的程度。

翻譯 / 注解者

韓芝如教授，臺灣大學理學士、美國紐約州立大學博士、美國加州理工學院 （Caltech） 博士後， 期間與兩位諾貝爾獎得主共事。 曾任美國西北大學研究助理教授、美國馬里蘭州州長中英文口譯、美國華盛頓特區公共電視臺英文節目主持、波士頓管理顧問公司 （BCG）商業管理顧問。 著有多項不同語言之腦神經科學、人文學術論文、書籍、翻譯作品。 曾獲全額獎學金於英國倫敦、西班牙 Santiago de Compostela 等地接受古典教育，並在烏干達、秘魯、墨西哥、法國、挪威、埃及、摩洛哥、德國、義大利、亞馬遜雨林等地，研究現代和古代語言、科學調查、發表國際會議論文、擔任慈善義工等。 藏傳佛教方面，曾在西藏和印度北部的噶舉派藏傳佛教八蚌智慧林寺（Palpung Sherabling）進修。

Translator/annotator:

C.J. Han, Ph.D., National Taiwan University (B.S.), State University of New York (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology (Post-doc) and Northwestern university (Research Assistant Professor). Prof. Han has background in academe, media, and enterprise, having worked as a neuroscience researcher with Nobel Laureates, as a business strategy consultant at the Boston Consulting Group (BCG), and as a TV producer/host in a D.C. public television station. Prof. Han has published widely, in several languages, in the sciences and humanities, and is an experienced translator of religious texts. Honors: Full scholarships for study in London and Santiago de Compostela. Cultural engagements: charity work in Uganda, scientific survey in the Amazon rainforest, study of Egyptian and Maya hieroglyphs in Egypt and Mexico, and study of modern languages in Germany and Italy. Study of Tibetan Buddhism: Kagyur temple Palpung Sherabling, Northern India.