Description

Recent corporate events have exposed the frequency and consequences of poor system security implementations and inadequate protection of private information. In a world of increasingly complex computing environments, myriad compliance regulations and the soaring costs of security breaches, it is economically essential for companies to become proactive in implementing effective system and data security measures. This volume is a comprehensive reference for understanding security risks, mitigations and best practices as they apply to the various components of these business-critical computing environments. HP NonStop Servers are used by Financial, Medical, Manufacturing enterprises where there can be no down time. Securing HP NonStop Servers in an Open Systems World: OSS, TCP/IP, and SQL takes a wide angle view of NonStop Server use. This book addresses protection of the Open Systems Services environment, network interfaces including TCP/IP and standard SQL databases. It lays out a roadmap of changes since our first book HP has made to Safeguard, elaborating on the advantages and disadvantages of implementing each new version. Even the security aspects of managing Operating System upgrades are given attention. Auditors, security policy makers, information security administrators and system managers will find the practical information they need for putting security principles into practice to meet industry standards as well as compliance regulations.

 

Table of Contents

Contents at a Glance Preface Introduction Part I. Data Model Tuning Chapter 1. The Relational Database Model Chapter 2. Tuning the Relational Database Model Chapter 3. Different Forms of the Relational Database Model Chapter 4. A Brief History of Data Modeling Part II. SQL Code Tuning Chapter 5. What is SQL? Chapter 6. Basic Concepts of Efficient SQL Chapter 7. Advanced Concepts of Efficient SQL Chapter 8. Common Sense Indexing Chapter 9. Oracle SQL Optimization and Statistics Chapter 10. How Oracle SQL Optimization Works Chapter 11. Overriding Optimizer Behavior Using Hints Chapter 12. How to Find Problem Queries Chapter 13. Automated SQL Tuning Part III. Physical and Configuration Tuning Chapter 14. Installing Oracle and Creating a Database Chapter 15. Tuning Oracle Database File Structures Chapter 16. Object Tuning Chapter 17. Low Level Physical Tuning Chapter 18. Hardware Resource Usage Tuning Chapter 19. Tuning Network Usage Chapter 20. Oracle Partitioning and Parallelism Chapter 21. Ratios: Possible Symptoms of Problems Chapter 22. Wait Events Chapter 23. Latches Chapter 24. Tools and Utilities Part IV. Tuning Everything at Once Chapter 25. The Wait Event Interface Chapter 26. The Database Control Chapter 27. Tuning With STATSPACK Appendices Appendix A. Sample Databases Appendix B. Sample Scripts (script changes) Appendix C. Sources of Information (accreditations) Appendix D. SQL Tuning in Oracle Enterprise Manager (might delete this one, depending on how much I remove from part III, which is 9i) Table of Contents Preface Introduction 1. A Tuning Environment What is Required When Tuning Oracle Database? What Tools are Available? Skilled Personnel Staging (Testing) Environments Duplicating Production Databases for Effective Tuning When to Tune? What to Tune in Production? When to Stop Tuning in Production? Bottlenecks Configuration Physical Space Usage SQL Code Tuning Data Model Tuning 2. Tuning from Development to Production The Steps in Tuning Data Model Tuning SQL Code Tuning Configuration and Physical Tuning Configuration Tuning Physical Tuning 3. How is this Book Organized? Part I. Data Model Tuning Part II. SQL Code Tuning Part III. Physical and Configuration Tuning Part IV. Tuning Everything At Once Appendices 4. Some Final Points 5. What is Oracle Database 10g? 6. What is New in Oracle Database 10gR2? Part I. Data Model Tuning Chapter 1. The Relational Database Model (updated and refined) 1. The Formal Definition of Normalization a) Anomalies b) Dependence and Determinance c) 1st Normal Form (1NF) d) 2nd Normal Form (2NF) e) 3rd Normal Form (3NF) f) Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) g) 4th Normal Form (4NF) h) 5th Normal Form (5NF) i) Domain Key Normal Form (DKNF) 2. A Layman?s Approach to Normalization a) 1st Normal Form b) 2nd Normal Form c) 3rd Normal Form d) Beyond 3rd Normal Form i. One-To-One NULL Separation Relationships ii. Separating Object Collections In Tables iii. Multi-Column Composite Keys iv. Summarizing a Layman?s Form of Normalization 3. Referential Integrity Chapter 2. Tuning the Relational Database Model (updated and refined) 1. Normalization and Tuning 2. Referential Integrity and Tuning a) Using Referential Integrity or Not b) How to Implement Referential Integrity i. Using Constraints (Primary and Foreign Keys) (a) Efficient Keys (b) Indexing Foreign Keys and Locking Issues (c) Sacrificing Referential Integrity for Performance ii. Coding Business Rules in the Database (a) Using Triggers for Referential Integrity (b) Using Triggers for Event Trapping (c) Using Stored Procedures and Functions 3. Optimizing with Alternate Indexes 4. Undoing Normalization a) Denormalization i. Reminding Ourselves about Normalization ii. Why Denormalize? iii. What to Look for to Denormalize? (a) Mutable and Complex Joins (i) Mutable Joins to Find Few Columns (b) Adding Composite Keys (c) One-to-One Relationships (d) Many-to-Many Join Resolution Entities (e) Application Functions versus Entities (f) Static Data in Multiple Entities (g) Intermediary Entities Covering Summary Groupings and Calculations iv. Denormalizing by Reversing Normal Forms (a) Denormalizing Beyond 3rd Normal Form (i) Denormalizing One-to-One NULL Separation Relationships (ii) Denormalizing Contained Object Collections (iii) Denormalizing Multi-Column Composite Keys (iv) Denormalizing Extra Entities For Common Columns (v) Denormalizing Formal 3rd Normal Form Transitive Dependencies (vi) Denormalizing Calculated Columns (vii) Denormalizing Formal Boyce-Codd Normal Form (b) Denormalizing 3rd Normal Form Many-to-Many Join Resolution Entities (c) Denormalizing 2nd Normal Form b) Some Useful Tricks i. Copying Columns Between Entities ii. Placing Summary Columns into Parent Entities iii. Separating Active and Inactive Data iv. Mixing Heavily and Lightly Accessed Columns v. Focus on Heavily Used Functionality vi. Using Views vii. Local Application Caching c) Using Special Purpose Oracle Database Objects Chapter 3. Different Forms of the Relational Database Model (updated and refined) 1. The Purist?s Relational Database Model 2. Object Applications and the Relational Database Model a) The Object