地球最大的威脅， 就是人們相信總會有人拯救地球的。 ──極地探險家 羅伯特・史旺 印度鄉村少女烏巴多，為何起身對抗極端氣候？ 熱愛衝浪的澳洲青年，竟研發起海洋垃圾桶？ 義大利小鎮教師，又是如何喚醒全歐洲投入零廢棄運動？ 嚴選超過40位近現代環保人士或團體， 描述他們如何起心動念，繼而挺身為地球發聲的故事。 是最熱切誠懇的呼籲，激勵我們做出改變！ ◆全觀角度，貼近全球時事議題◆中英雙語＋重點單字解釋，增進英文力◆ ◆符合108課綱跨領域學習目標◆收錄名人社群資訊，即時關注環保新知◆ ◆文字溫暖真摯，插畫精美，深刻感受環保鬥士的堅毅與熱忱◆ ▍環保團體、英語教學推手、閱讀推廣老師 初心推薦 吳銀玉｜財團法人光寶文教基金會總監 林東良｜黑潮海洋文教基金會執行長 陳欣希｜臺灣讀寫教學研究學會理事長 陳昫姮｜臺北市格致國中校長 陳嫦玫｜城邦文化藝術基金會執行總監 黃之揚｜RE-THINK重新思考環境教育協會創辦人 鄭秀娟｜主婦聯盟環境保護基金會董事長 蔡中岳｜地球公民基金會副執行長 蔡靜芬｜野家院子兒童自然美學創辦人 蕭菁菁｜庭芳慈善關懷協會理事長 （依姓名筆畫排序） 【內容試閱】 ◆珍‧古德博士 DR JANE GOODALL◆ 英文請見p.101 那是1960年，在燠熱的叢林深處，珍‧古德向黑猩猩遞出一根香蕉。當時的她身處東非（現今坦尚尼亞），在一個蠻荒又偏僻、必須靠船才能抵達的地方工作。數個月來，她試著在這裡研究黑猩猩，但黑猩猩依然看見人類就怕，總是在樹木枝幹間盪走。這一天有別以往，黑猩猩盯著香蕉，慢慢靠近珍‧古德，從她手上接下了香蕉。珍‧古德欣喜若狂！終於，終於！這些美好的動物開始信任她了！ 有些人天生就是動物愛好者。在英國長大的珍‧古德，一歲半的時候，從自家花園挖出一大把蠕蟲，帶回她房間床上。你可能覺得這般行為相當古怪，她的母親想當然也這麼覺得。母親跟她解釋，蠕蟲必須住在土壤裡才能存活，而非床單。於是，小珍‧古德很快跑下樓，把蠕蟲放回牠們所屬的花園裡。 珍‧ 古德在生活中的各個面向也對野生動物抱持無比狂熱。她喜歡靜靜觀察刺蝟和松鼠、書寫關於大自然的詩作，也會跟她的黑白狗羅斯提花很長的時間散步，沿著懸崖頂和海灘隨意爬上爬下。隨著年齡增長，珍‧古德對大自然的熱情有增無減，但她可能從未想過她對動物的赤誠之心，有朝一日會變得如此重要。 珍‧古德開始在西坦尚尼亞的岡貝溪保留區（現為岡貝溪國家公園）工作時，正值26歲。當時人們對於黑猩猩的生活習性所知有限，事實上，對於牠們在野外的行為幾乎一無所知，而珍‧古德立志改變困境。有些科學家對於年輕女性隻身前往叢林工作嗤之以鼻，但珍‧古德不以為意。她非常樂於以這個蔥蘢、溼黏的茂密叢林為辦公室。 經年累月的耐心研究，珍‧古德讓世人見識到黑猩猩是何等聰明和神奇的動物。在她的幫助下，世人體認到黑猩猩是世界上最接近人類的動物。她目睹黑猩猩將狹長的草莖伸進白蟻窩「釣」出昆蟲，看見黑猩猩母子如同人類一般，擁有親密又強烈的羈絆。她也發現黑猩猩會大打出手，有時甚至傷害彼此。 多虧珍‧古德的最愛—— 下巴長著白毛而取名「白鬍子大衛」的黑猩猩，她也才認識到黑猩猩不只對同類展現信任和善意，對人類也能如此。當初從她手上接下香蕉的黑猩猩就是白鬍子大衛。大衛在1968年因病過世後，珍‧古德竭盡一切想要了解和保護黑猩猩的決心變得更加堅定。 珍‧古德從未停下腳步。1977 年，她成立「國際珍古德教育及保育協會」，旨在研究野生黑猩猩的生活，替豢養的黑猩猩增進福祉並與當地社區建立合作關係。協會透過「根與芽」計畫，與世界各地的青年合作。珍‧古德也為那些以森林為家、與森林比鄰而居的人們和動物，及關懷森林的有志之士發起森林保育運動。 距離珍‧古德首次踏進叢林已經數十餘載，但她依然啟發著我們要多多關愛和珍惜野生動物。她一年當中約莫有300天都在世界各地旅行以宣揚她的理念。目前全世界的野生黑猩猩數量不到30萬隻，而珍‧古德下定決心要讓這個數字回升。 ◆DR JANE GOODALL 珍．古德博士◆ 中文請見p.8 The year was 1960. In the middle of a hot, tropical jungle, Jane Goodall held out a banana to a chimpanzee. She was in East Africa, in what is now Tanzania, working in a place so wild and remote that it could only be reached by boat. For months she had been trying to learn about the chimpanzees here, but they were nervous around humans and would swing away through the trees. Not today. The chimpanzee looked at the banana, edged towards Jane and took it from her hand. Jane’s heart leaped. At last – at last! – these wonderful creatures were starting to trust her. ・remote [rɪ’mot] adj. 遙遠的、偏僻的 ・swing away 盪走 ・edge [ɛdʒ] v. 緩緩移動 Some people are born to care for animals. When Jane was one and-a-half years old, growing up in England, she gathered a big handful of wriggly worms from her garden and took them up to her bed. You might think this was an odd thing to do – and certainly Jane’s mother thought so. She explained to her daughter that worms needed soil, not bedclothes, to survive. So the little girl hurriedly took them back down to the garden where they belonged. ・wriggly [‘rɪglɪ] adj. 蠕動的 Jane was besotted with wildlife in other ways too. She liked to sit watching hedgehogs and squirrels. She wrote nature poetry. She took her black-and-white dog Rusty on long walks, scrambling along cliff tops and beaches. This love of the natural world kept growing as she got older, but even she would never have guessed how important her passion for animals would become. ・be besotted with 對⋯痴迷 ・hedgehog [‘hɛdʒ͵hɑg] n. 刺蝟 ・scramble [‘skræmb!] v. 攀爬 Jane was twenty-six when she began working in Gombe, western Tanzania (in what is today Gombe National Park). At this time people had very little information about how chimpanzees lived – in fact, almost nothing was known about their behavior in the wild. Jane wanted to change that. Some scientists thought it was ridiculous to be sending a young woman into the jungle alone. Jane didn’t agree. She was glad to make the green, sweaty tangle of the trees her office. ・ridiculous [rɪ’dɪkjələs] adj. 荒謬的 Through months and years of patient study, Jane opened the world’s eyes to how amazing and intelligent chimpanzees can be. No creature on Earth has more in common with humans, and Jane helped us to appreciate this. She saw that they used long pieces of grass to ‘fish’ for insects in termite nests. She saw that mothers and babies had close, powerful bonds, just like humans do. And she saw that chimpanzees fought, and sometimes even hurt each other. ・termite [‘tɝmaɪt] n. 白蟻 ・bond [bɑnd] n. 羈絆、情誼 She also learned – thanks to her favorite chimpanzee, whom she named David Greybeard, after the white hairs on his chin – that they were able to show trust and kindness, not just to each other but to people too. It was David Greybeard who had taken that first banana from her hand. And, when he died of an illness in 1968, Jane became even more determined to do everything she could to understand and protect chimpanzees. Her work has never stopped. In 1977 she founded the Jane Goodall Institute, which researches the lives of wild chimpanzees, the welfare of captive chimpanzees, and works with local communities. It also works with young people around the world through its Roots & Shoots program. Jane also campaigns for the people who live in, and around, our forests, and who know them best – as well as the animals that live there. ・institute [‘ɪnstətjut] n. 協會、學院 ・campaign [kæm’pen] v. 從事運動 Decades after her first trip to the jungle, Jane is still inspiring us to love and value wild creatures. She spends around 300 days a year traveling the world to spread her message. There are fewer than 300,000 chimpanzees left in the wild anywhere – and Jane is determined to help this number to rise. ◆里德西瑪‧龐蒂 RIDHIMA PANDEY◆ 英文請見p.133 女學童里德西瑪‧龐蒂住在印度北部北阿坎德邦的赫爾德瓦爾，鄰近高聳入雲、白雪皚皚的喜馬拉雅山脈。母親以照顧當地的森林為業，父親則是替環保團體工作，所以龐蒂自幼就對樹木和動物相當著迷。一旦她看到受傷的小狗或被遺棄的小貓，就會把牠們帶回家照顧。 但是，她也體會到大自然有多麼危險。2013 年，龐蒂年僅六歲，一場可怕的洪水席捲了北阿坎德邦。洪水摧毀了道路、橋梁、林地和房屋，帶走了人和動物，留下許多無家可歸的家庭。多年以後，這名年輕女孩既苦惱又氣憤。她想了解為什麼會發生這樣的事，以及目前採取了什麼措施來防止它再次發生。 當她父親向她解釋，洪水發生的部分原因是因為氣候變遷，以及當地河川沿岸各個不同的建案計畫時，她要求父親幫忙做點什麼。最後，父親同意正式提出告訴，控告印度政府在環境保護方面投入不足。由於這是龐蒂的主意，他們認為告訴狀上應該寫她的名字才對。 就這樣，2017年，一名九歲女孩將印度政府告上法庭的故事，成為世界各地的報紙頭條。印度人口超過13億，是全球第七大國，因此一名年紀幼小的女學童能挺身對抗如此強大的政府著實不凡。 幾年後，龐蒂仍持續投入抗議活動。她認為政府必須採取更多行動保護森林、清理河川並停止破壞土地，才不會讓她這一代嘗到惡果。透過吸引國際關注如此重要的議題，龐蒂向我們證明，參與社會運動，年紀再小都不是問題。 ◆RIDHIMA PANDEY 里德西瑪．龐蒂◆ 中文請見p.66 Schoolgirl Ridhima Pandey lives in Haridwar, in the state of Uttarakhand, in northern India, close to the soaring snow-capped mountains of the Himalayas. Her mother’s job is to help look after local forests and her father works for an environmental group, so from an early age Ridhima was fascinated by trees and animals. If she saw an injured dog or an abandoned kitten, she would bring it home and look after it. ・soaring [ˈsɔːrɪŋ] adj. 高聳的 ・abandoned [əˈbændənd] adj. 被遺棄的 But she also learned how dangerous nature could be. In 2013, when Ridhima was six years old, a terrible flood swept across Uttarakhand. It destroyed roads, bridges, woodland and houses, carrying away people and animals, and leaving some families homeless. For years afterwards, the young girl was upset and angry. She wanted to understand why it had happened, and what was being done to stop it happening again. When her father explained that the flood was partly caused by climate change, and by the different building projects along the banks of the local rivers, she asked him to do something to help. Eventually he agreed to make a formal legal complaint claiming that the Indian government wasn’t doing enough to help the environment. But because it had been Ridhima’s idea, they decided that it should be her name on the complaint. ・complaint [kəm'plent] n. (律)告訴、控告 This is how, in 2017, the story of a nine-year-old girl taking the Indian government to court made newspaper headlines all over the world. India is the seventh-largest country on the planet, with a population of more than 1.3 billion, so for one young schoolgirl to be standing up against such a powerful government was extraordinary. ・population [͵pɑpjəˈleʃən