This report outlines NHRI’s research highlights and achievements in the year 2010. Despite having to deal with budget cuts rooted in the global economic slowdown and having to pay enormously high maintenance costs because of a hike in the electricity rate, NHRI had a tremendously successful year due to the hard work and talent of all those with NHRI. To name a few, their accomplishments over the past year include: ‧ publishing more papers than in any previous year ‧ winning national innovation awards ‧ achieving improved results in research and development ‧ conducting several phase I and phase II clinical study in investigational new drugs and vaccines ‧ filing for and receiving more patents ‧ expanding cooperation with biotechnology companies to commercialize new products. Further testament to recent achievements is that in May 2011 NHRI’s fifth and the sixth institutes were formally established: the Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, and the National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, respectively. The latter was formed by combining the Division of Infectious of Diseases and the Vaccine Research and Development Center.