This book is the first comprehensive study of the practice of "kekawin" composition in Bali. Based on field research and a diverse range of palm leaf texts, it explores Balinese perceptions of "kekawin" composition and demonstrates the nexus between religion and the writing of these poems. Like "kekawin" from ancient Java, Balinese "kekawin" have been conceived as a mystical means of unification with divinity, as temples of language. In the first part of the book Bali is shown to be a society of religious literacy, and alphabet magic and the religious beliefs that underpin literary activity are examined. The second part explores Balinese conceptions of the practice of "kekawin" composition as literary yoga. Both the priestly identity of poets and the act of composing as a religious ritual are considered. The final section investigates the craft of composition through texts that concern prosody, poetics and orthography: the "Canda," the "Bhasaprana" and the "Swarawyanjana."