Proteins are large and intricate molecules that perform a variety of vital functions in the human body. They are crucial for the structure, control and function of the body’s organs and tissues, while carrying out the majority of the work inside the cells. They are composed of a large number of smaller components known as amino acids that are linked with each other in lengthy chains. The search for novel protein molecules can be time consuming in case of certain proteins, such as enzymes, anticancer peptides, cytokines, G protein-coupled receptors, cell-penetrating peptides and cancerlectins. Understanding the function of proteins requires the computational identification of special protein molecules. Bioinformatics is a vital part of protein analysis, including structure analysis, sequence analysis and evolution analysis. This book contains some path-breaking studies on proteins. It aims to shed light on the computational approaches and bioinformatics analysis of proteins. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the modern concepts and applications of the subject.