Humanity’s relationship with drugs dates back to the dawn of civilisation, but despite its longevity, in recent centuries this relationship (man-drugs) has proved to be a public health issue. The book takes a look at the history of health in Brazil until we reach the point where the Family Health Strategy was formulated. It also discusses the incorporation of primary care into the agenda, the demands arising from the harmful/dependent use of alcohol and other drugs and the production of care in these spaces. It also provides pertinent reflections for thinking about this problem in the current scenario.