Key features:Explores the implications of long-term climate change for biogeography and ecological processes in the Southern Ocean Updates knowledge of symbiotic polychaetes in light of the last 20 years of research Considers the adaptions and environments of Antarctic marine biodiversity Examines the false hope of cetacean conservation Reviews work in Mediterranean venting systems releasing carbon dioxide as a model for understanding ocean acidification Looks at the impacts and environmental risks of oil spills of marine invertebrates, algae and seagrass Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review remains one of the most cited sources in marine science and oceanography. The ever increasing interest in work in oceanography and marine biology and its relevance to global environmental issues, especially global climate change and its impacts, creates a demand for authoritative reviews summarizing the results of recent research. OMBAR has catered to this demand since its foundation more than 50 years ago. Following the favourable reception and complimentary reviews accorded to all the volumes, Volume 56 continues to regard the marine sciencesith all their various aspectss a unity. Physical, chemical, and biological aspects of marine science are dealt with by experts actively engaged in these fields, and every chapter is peer-reviewed by other experts working actively in the specific areas of interest.The series is an essential reference text for researchers and students in all fields of marine science and related subjects, and it finds a place in libraries of universities, marine laboratories, research institutes and government departments. It is consistently among the highest ranking series in terms of impact factor in the marine biology category of the citation indices compiled by the Institute for Scientific Information/Web of Science.Two chapters are available to read Open Access on our Routledge website: [URL to be confirmed]