On the Origin of Species | 拾書所

On the Origin of Species

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內容簡介

查爾斯·羅伯特·達爾文,(英語:Charles Robert Darwin,1809年2月12日-1882年4月19日),又譯達爾溫,英國生物學家、博物學家,達爾文早期因地質學研究而著名,而後又提出科學證據,證明所有生物物種是由少數共同祖先,經過長時間的自然選擇過程後演化而成。到了1930年代,達爾文的理論成為對演化機制的主要詮釋,並成為現代演化思想的基礎,在科學上可對生物多樣性進行一致且合理的解釋,是現今生物學的基石。

《物種起源The Origin of Species》是達爾文論述生物演化的重要著作,出版於1859年。該書是19世紀最具爭議的著作之一,其中的觀點大多數為當今的科學界普遍接受,使起源於共同祖先的演化,成為對自然界多樣性的一項重要科學解釋。

在該書中,達爾文首次提出了演化論的觀點。他使用自己在1830年代環球科學考察中積累的資料,試圖證明物種的演化是通過自然選擇(天擇)和人擇的方式實現的。達爾文在書中提出兩個理論。第一,他認為所有的動植物都是由較早期、較原始的形式演變而來;其次,他認為生物演化是通過天擇而來。


When Darwin set sail at the end of 1831, it was only with a vague notion that all life forms, both present and extinct, were more strongly related than the Christian version of the world's creation purported them to be. During his five-year voyage of research and discovery on board HMS Beagle, and later from his home in Kent, he painstakingly collected a mass of evidence from across the planet – from Paraguay and the Galapagos Islands to Staffordshire and Scotland – building a compelling case for a theory that would change the world we live in – and the way we look at it – for ever.

The foundation of evolutionary biology and natural selection – which prompted as huge a revolution in the fields of science and religion as Copernicus's heliocentric model of the universe and Newton's law of gravity, Darwin's On the Origin of Species is perhaps the most important book of scientific observation ever written.

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